Oversold diets; big brains explained; tracking CRISPR and more

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Neuroscience—and science in general—is constantly evolving, so older articles may contain information or theories that have been reevaluated since their original publication date.

“No definite proof” exists that any specific dietary intervention benefits people with autism, researchers conclude from a survey of the literature. Studies evaluating options such as the ketogenic or gluten/casein-free diet have yielded mixed and uncompelling results so far, according to a report published 30 May in the World Journal of Pediatrics. These diets should be reserved only for children with conditions known to require a special diet, such as a food allergy, they say.
A gene in a chromosome region tied to autism plays a role in how big the brain becomes, researchers reported 31 May in Cell. The gene, NOTCH2NL, may underlie the evolution of a large brain in people. In addition, duplications of the chromosome region containing the gene are linked to autism and macrocephaly (an enlarged head), whereas deletions of this region are tied to schizophrenia and microcephaly (an unusually small head).
If you’ve got the money, honey, STAT’s got the tools. For people willing to pony up for the publication’s pay-only access, STAT offers a searchable CRISPR tracker that it promises will list preprints, company announcements, newly published studies and anything else that involves a “key advance” related to the genome-editing technology. STAT teased the CRISPR Trackr on 1 June on its STAT Plus channel.
As the search for biomarkers for autism continues, another entry on the roster is a pair of urinary amino acids. Low urine levels of two amino acids — valine and tryptophan, a neurotransmitter precursor — are associated with an autism diagnosis in children, according to research published 28 May in the Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.
Netflix is under fire from the Australian Medical Association for airing an “irresponsible” documentary featuring a celebrity chef promoting a ketogenic diet for autism. “The Magic Pill,” made by Australian chef Pete Evans, touts the extremely low-carb, high-fat and high-protein diet as a therapy for a number of conditions, including autism. The film uses a case study to claim that the diet eased features of autism in a child after only five weeks of exposure.
The association says the diet can be risky, The Guardian reported 3 June. The article says that publication of one of Evans’ cookbooks was halted in 2015 because a recipe for a do-it-yourself baby milk formula involved vitamin A levels that could be fatal to babies.
The “flimsiest of evidence” underlies the popular idea that “grandma’s trauma” could affect the genomes of her grandchildren without changing the DNA sequence itself. That’s the sweeping critique that neuroscientist Kevin Mitchell levels at the concept of transgenerational epigenetics. Mitchell, writing 29 May on the blog “Wiring the Brain,” asserts that some findings supporting the idea “are simply noise” and “spurious statistical blips.”
An aggregation of input from the #AutINSAR Twitter chat during the 2018 International Society for Autism Research meeting is available. People on the spectrum took the opportunity to state what they think should be autism research priorities. They listed their top three choices and talked about technology-related studies they’d like to see, as well as their picks for promising ongoing research. Thinking Person’s Guide to Autism published a record of the discussion on 30 May.
Along with its ambitious brain research initiative, China poses another challenge to U.S. preeminence in science. China’s increased emphasis on research is luring a growing number of U.S.-based researchers to the country, The Washington Post reported 3 June.
China has pulled into second place behind the United States in fiscal outlay for scientific research and is poised to move into first by the end of 2018, the newspaper reports.
A mobile app for iPhone automatically codes videos of children who were recorded as they watched videos of bubbles, bunnies and other visual stimuli that can elicit autism-related behaviors. The app, which researchers tested for a year, delivered “usable data” about the children’s head position and facial expressions for 87.6 percent of 4,441 videos that families uploaded. That huge volume of data did not require the usual manual review and coding to catalog the behaviors. The team published their findings 1 June in npj Digital Medicine.
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