Headshot of Joshua Sanes.

Joshua R. Sanes

Professor emeritus of molecular and cellular biology, Harvard University;
Contributing editor, The Transmitter

Joshua Sanes is professor of molecular and cellular biology and founding director of the Center for Brain Science at Harvard University. He and his colleagues study the formation of synapses. They have also pioneered new ways to mark and manipulate neurons and the synapses they form.

For the past 20 years, Sanes and his team have focused on the retina, in which specific patterns of connections form the complex circuits that underlie the initial steps in visual perception. Most recently, they have extended this work to comprehensive classification of retinal cell types in multiple species, including humans. Sanes received a B.A. from Yale University and a Ph.D. from Harvard University. He served on the faculty of Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, for more than 20 years before returning to Harvard in 2004.

He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His work has been published in more than 400 papers, and he has been honored with the Schuetze Award, the Gruber Neuroscience Prize, the Cowan Award, the Perl-UNC Neuroscience Prize and the Edward M. Scolnick Prize in Neuroscience, as well as an honorary doctoral degree from Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Israel.

Explore more from The Transmitter

Is our intelligence rooted in how living organisms are organized?

Kathryn Nave explains how a concept called constraint closure may be fundamental to understanding brains, minds and cognition.

By Paul Middlebrooks
15 July 2026 | 1 min read
Soha Ashrafi photo collage art.

Making an impact through academic administration

As executive director of research at Harvard Medical School’s Department of Neurobiology, Soha Ashrafi supports more than 300 scientists, students and staff members.

By Katie Moisse
15 July 2026 | 7 min read
Illustration of birdsong, bird brain, and DNA.

This paper changed my life: Embracing an early model for naturalistic neuroscience

A 1992 PNAS paper showed how birdsong upregulates the expression of an immediate early gene in bird forebrains. The work revealed to Ribeiro the importance of studying molecular responses in naturalistic contexts.

By Sidarta Ribeiro
14 July 2026 | 4 min read